Dz\u012bvojot tehnolo\u0123iju laikmet\u0101, gandr\u012bz katrs no mums izmanto viedier\u012bces, kas mums atvieglo dz\u012bvi. Tom\u0113r \u0161\u012bs tehnolo\u0123ijas ir noder\u012bgas ne tikai ikdienas dz\u012bv\u0113, bet arvien vair\u0101k iebr\u016bk medic\u012bnas nozar\u0113. Ikvienam no mums tagad ir iesp\u0113ja ikdien\u0101 sekot l\u012bdzi savai vesel\u012bbai un nepareizas darb\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 \u2013 sa\u0146emt pazi\u0146ojumus uz sav\u0101m viedier\u012bc\u0113m un savlaic\u012bgi mekl\u0113t pal\u012bdz\u012bbu. Un, par\u0101doties \u0101rsta kabinet\u0101, daudzi b\u016btu p\u0101rsteigti – \u0161is sav\u0101 darba viet\u0101 izmanto v\u0113l modern\u0101kas tehnolo\u0123ijas. Tas ir m\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts, ar kura pal\u012bdz\u012bbu, izr\u0101d\u0101s, \u0101rstu darbs k\u013c\u016bst daudz efekt\u012bv\u0101ks. Bet vai m\u0113s varam un vai m\u0113s esam gatavi uztic\u0113t tehnolo\u0123ijas m\u016bsu visd\u0101rg\u0101kajai v\u0113rt\u012bbai \u2013 vesel\u012bbai?<\/p>\n\n
M\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts oper\u0101ciju z\u0101l\u0113<\/p>\n\n
Tehnolo\u0123iju att\u012bst\u012bba ir patiesi iespaid\u012bga. Tehnolo\u0123ijas, kas kalpo vesel\u012bbas uzraudz\u012bbai, gl\u0101bj dz\u012bv\u012bbas, ta\u010du nav ar\u012b nosl\u0113pums, ka da\u017e\u0101das tehnolo\u0123ijas ne tikai pal\u012bdz patst\u0101v\u012bgi uzraudz\u012bt vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vokli, t\u0101 da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s izmai\u0146as un savlaic\u012bgi izvair\u012bties no briesm\u0101m, bet ar\u012b tie\u0161i pal\u012bdz \u0101rst\u0113t pacientus. Viens no \u0161\u0101diem tehnolo\u0123iskiem r\u012bkiem ir m\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts (MI), kam ir bezgal\u012bgas iesp\u0113jas, kas pal\u012bdz ne tikai ikdien\u0101, bet ar\u012b medic\u012bn\u0101.<\/p>\n\n
T\u0101pat k\u0101 ar viedier\u012bc\u0113m, t\u0101pat k\u0101 ar m\u0101ksl\u012bgo intelektu, cilv\u0113ka vesel\u012bbas uztic\u0113\u0161ana \u0161\u012bm tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m da\u017eiem joproj\u0101m \u0161\u0137iet nedro\u0161a, ta\u010du, k\u0101 nor\u0101da VUL Santaros kl\u012bniku invaz\u012bvais radiologs Dr. Donato Jocius, m\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts neizb\u0113gami iek\u013c\u016bst medic\u012bnas nozar\u0113. Lai gan m\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts pla\u0161\u0101kai sabiedr\u012bbai ir k\u013cuvis paz\u012bstam\u0101ks v\u0113l nesen un t\u0101 funkcionalit\u0101ti test\u0113 arvien vair\u0101k darbinieku, studentu un skol\u0113nu no da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m nozar\u0113m, radiologs skaidro, ka \u0161\u012b r\u012bka priek\u0161g\u0101j\u0113ji radiolo\u0123ij\u0101 nav nekas jauns.<\/p>\n\n
“Diagnostiskaj\u0101m radiolo\u0123iskaj\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m ir da\u017e\u0101di protokoli autom\u0101tiskai segment\u0101cijai, asinsvadu noteik\u0161anas r\u012bkiem utt. Pa\u0161laik ir AI sist\u0113mas, kas pal\u012bdz atkl\u0101t audz\u0113jus, nov\u0113rt\u0113t to da\u017e\u0101dos parametrus. M\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts ien\u0101k ar\u012b pacientu \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas tv\u0113rum\u0101 \u2013 ir da\u017e\u0101das \u0137irur\u0123iskas robotiz\u0113tas sist\u0113mas, kas atvieglo sare\u017e\u0123\u012btus uzdevumus, \u013cauj prec\u012bzi veikt specifiskas kust\u012bbas, teor\u0113tiski samazina k\u013c\u016bdu iesp\u0113jam\u012bbu, noguruma faktoru.<\/p>\n\n
Invaz\u012bv\u0101 radiolo\u0123ija nav iz\u0146\u0113mums \u2013 audz\u0113ju \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas veik\u0161anai ir izstr\u0101d\u0101tas robotiz\u0113tas vai da\u013c\u0113ji robotiz\u0113tas sist\u0113mas, kas pal\u012bdz prec\u012bzi pozicion\u0113t adatu, prognoz\u0113t turpm\u0101ko \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas lauku, nov\u0113rt\u0113t \u0161eit un tagad veikt\u0101s proced\u016bras efektu \u2013 oper\u0101ciju z\u0101l\u0113, un, ja nepiecie\u0161ams, veikt papildu darb\u012bbas.<\/p>\n\n
Pla\u0161\u0101k\u0101 noz\u012bm\u0113 m\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts var tikt izmantots vai tiek izmantots z\u0101\u013cu izstr\u0101d\u0113, vesel\u012bbas sist\u0113mas uzraudz\u012bb\u0101, slim\u012bbu diagnostik\u0101, vesel\u012bbas datu p\u0101rvald\u012bb\u0101 un anal\u012bz\u0113, personaliz\u0113tu l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161an\u0101, gan \u0137irur\u0123isko, gan medic\u012bnisko proced\u016bru pielieto\u0161an\u0101 – tas ir \u013coti pla\u0161i,” \u0101rsts uzskaita \u0161\u012b r\u012bka neierobe\u017eot\u0101s iesp\u0113jas.<\/p>\n\n
Jaut\u0101ts, vai m\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts var piln\u012bb\u0101 aizst\u0101t pa\u0161laik veikt\u0101s terapeitisk\u0101s proced\u016bras, \u0101rsts saka, ka gr\u016bti spriest \u2013 laiks r\u0101d\u012bs. Tom\u0113r, p\u0113c vi\u0146a teikt\u0101, m\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts jau var palielin\u0101t veikto diagnostikas un terapeitisko proced\u016bru precizit\u0101ti, samazin\u0101t proced\u016bras laiku, samazin\u0101t cilv\u0113ka k\u013c\u016bdu un noguruma ietekmi.<\/p>\n\n
“M\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts var analiz\u0113t un iek\u013caut lielu daudzumu sare\u017e\u0123\u012btu sare\u017e\u0123\u012btu datu, atpaz\u012bt da\u017e\u0101du izmai\u0146u tieksmes un raksturu, ko cilv\u0113ks var atpaz\u012bt tikai da\u013c\u0113ji. V\u0113l viens svar\u012bgs aspekts ir tas, ka MI nav cilv\u0113ka tieksmes l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161an\u0101, citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, cilv\u0113ka faktors tiek likvid\u0113ts. MI var palielin\u0101t efektivit\u0101ti, precizit\u0101ti un samazin\u0101t darba slodzi, kas iev\u0113rojami palielin\u0101tu pacientam velt\u012bto laiku, k\u0101 ar\u012b \u0101rstu koncentr\u0113\u0161anos uz sare\u017e\u0123\u012btiem gad\u012bjumiem.<\/p>\n\n
Skatoties no invaz\u012bv\u0101s radiolo\u0123ijas prizmas, m\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts kalpo vair\u0101kos aspektos. Pirmk\u0101rt, pl\u0101nojot proced\u016bras, t\u0101di r\u012bki k\u0101 virtu\u0101l\u0101 realit\u0101te \u013cauj veikt pirmsproced\u016bras pl\u0101no\u0161anu, prec\u012bzi nov\u0113rt\u0113t sare\u017e\u0123\u012btu anatomiju vai simul\u0113t pa\u0161u proced\u016bru un t\u0101s rezult\u0101tu, neradot potenci\u0101lu risku pacientam. Un \u0161eit, proced\u016bras laik\u0101, AI var kalpot daudzos veidos. \u0100rst\u0113jot asinsvadu stenozes (sa\u0161aurin\u0101jumus) vai aneirismas (dilat\u0101cijas), tas var pal\u012bdz\u0113t izv\u0113l\u0113ties pareizos asinsvadu stentus vai stenttransplant\u0101tus, sare\u017e\u0123\u012btos gad\u012bjumos tas pal\u012bdz nov\u0113rt\u0113t asinsvadu l\u016bmenu, lai prognoz\u0113tu \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas turpm\u0101ko efektu.<\/p>\n\n
Veicot pirms proced\u016bras veikto tr\u012bsdimensiju (datortomogr\u0101fija, magn\u0113tisk\u0101s rezonanses att\u0113lveido\u0161ana vai pozitronu emisijas tomogr\u0101fija), autom\u0101tisk\u0101 sapl\u016b\u0161ana ar str\u0101d\u0101jo\u0161iem intraoperat\u012bviem 2D vai datortomogr\u0101fijas att\u0113liem, kas veikti ar AI pal\u012bdz\u012bbu, \u013cauj palielin\u0101t abu diagnostikas proced\u016bru, piem\u0113ram, biopsiju, un da\u017e\u0101du terapeitisko proced\u016bru, piem\u0113ram, audz\u0113ja abl\u0101cijas, precizit\u0101ti un precizit\u0101ti. \u0160\u0101dos gad\u012bjumos m\u0101ksl\u012bg\u0101 intelekta sist\u0113mas ne tikai pal\u012bdz izv\u0113l\u0113ties optim\u0101lo ce\u013cu, bet vienlaikus sp\u0113j nov\u0113rt\u0113t ar\u012b main\u012bgos fiziolo\u0123iskos aspektus, piem\u0113ram, kust\u012bbu kompens\u0113\u0161anu, pacientam elpojot , kas palielina proced\u016bras precizit\u0101ti, sa\u012bsina t\u0101s laiku,” skaidro \u0101rste.<\/p>\n\n
\u0100rstiem m\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts nav konkurents, bet gan pal\u012bgs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n Tom\u0113r skepti\u0137iem da\u013c\u0113ji ir taisn\u012bba \u2013 \u0161im r\u012bkam ir ne tikai priek\u0161roc\u012bbas, bet ar\u012b tr\u016bkumi, kurus var ap\u0161aub\u012bt, apsprie\u017eot, vai m\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts sp\u0113j sniegt medic\u012bnisko pal\u012bdz\u012bbu, izvairoties no k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m vai piln\u012bb\u0101 aizst\u0101jot \u0101rstus. T\u0101p\u0113c \u0161is r\u012bks joproj\u0101m ir tikai iesp\u0113ja sasniegt augst\u0101kus rezult\u0101tus, un cilv\u0113ka rokas un pr\u0101ts medic\u012bn\u0101, vismaz pagaid\u0101m, ir neizb\u0113gams faktors.<\/p>\n\n “Da\u017e\u0101dos literat\u016bras avotos m\u0113s varam atrast ar\u012b apgalvojumus, ka m\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts, iesp\u0113jams, nekad nesasniegs cilv\u0113ka holistisk\u0101s dom\u0101\u0161anas l\u012bmeni. AI ir j\u0101redz objekts simtiem vai t\u016bksto\u0161iem rei\u017eu, lai sa\u0146emtu past\u0101v\u012bgu atk\u0101rtotu atgriezenisko saiti un p\u0113c tam sp\u0113tu to atpaz\u012bt, un cilv\u0113ks to var izdar\u012bt, vienk\u0101r\u0161i nov\u0113rojot objektu pat vienu reizi.<\/p>\n\n Tas jo \u012bpa\u0161i attiecas uz ret\u0101m slim\u012bb\u0101m vai patolo\u0123isk\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m, kas nenotiek reti \u2013 AI sist\u0113mas \u0161\u0101das izmai\u0146as var neatkl\u0101t. Turkl\u0101t m\u0101ksl\u012bgais intelekts “m\u0101c\u0101s”, izmantojot noteiktus datus, t\u0101p\u0113c m\u0101ksl\u012bg\u0101 intelekta sist\u0113mas izmanto\u0161ana, lai analiz\u0113tu nedaudz cita veida datus, var novest pie k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m,” vi\u0146\u0161 saka.<\/p>\n\n \u0100rsts ar\u012b uzsver, ka viens no galvenajiem AI tr\u016bkumiem ir “dz\u012bves” pieredzes tr\u016bkums, kas nepiecie\u0161ams, lai atrisin\u0101tu re\u0101lus uzdevumus, nov\u0113rt\u0113jot visu abstrakt\u0101 un visp\u0101rin\u0101t\u0101 veid\u0101.<\/p>\n\n “Jaut\u0101jums par m\u0101ksl\u012bg\u0101 intelekta atbild\u012bbu ir v\u0113l viena aktu\u0101la un sare\u017e\u0123\u012bta probl\u0113ma \u2013 algoritmi var k\u013c\u016bd\u012bties, neprec\u012bzi nov\u0113rt\u0113t patolo\u0123iju vai izv\u0113l\u0113ties \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anu \u2013 m\u016bsdienu medic\u012bn\u0101 tas neizb\u0113gami noved pie juridisk\u0101m un atbild\u012bbas probl\u0113m\u0101m,” saka Dr. Jocius.<\/p>\n\n